An electromagnetic pulse is emitted from a transmitter antenna. When the wave encounters a layer or object with different electrical properties, part of the energy is reflected back toward the surface where a receiver antenna records the signal


A generalized schematic showing the common offset configuration for reflective profiling (top) and idealized wave arrivals (bottom). The separation distance (s) between the transmitter and receiver is kept constant as the GPR unit is moved from station location to station location collecting measurements

A generalized schematic showing the common midpoint configuration for the reflective profiling mode (top) and idealized wave arrivals (bottom). The transmitter (T) and receiver (R) are moved symmetrically away from a fixed midpoint to collect sequential measurements at the station location

Example configurations of receivers and antennas in borehole GPR data collection.

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